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What's happening in DRC

REPORTS - منذ 9 أيام

The Renewed Conflict in DRC

South Eye | Report

The eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is currently experiencing a significant escalation in violence, leading to severe humanitarian, political, and security challenges. This comprehensive report delves into the multifaceted aspects of the crisis, providing an in-depth analysis of the current situation.

In early 2025, the M23 rebel group, reportedly backed by Rwanda, intensified its military campaign in the eastern DRC, culminating in the capture of Goma, the capital of North Kivu province, in late January. Goma, a city with a population of approximately two million, holds strategic and economic significance in the region. The fall of Goma marked a pivotal moment in the conflict, raising concerns about a potential broader regional war. 

Following the seizure of Goma, M23 forces advanced southward into South Kivu province, capturing key mining towns such as Minova, Lumbishi, Numbi, and Shanje. These towns are rich in valuable minerals like coltan, cassiterite, and gold, which are crucial for electronic components. The control of these areas not only strengthens M23's economic base but also disrupts supply routes and exacerbates the humanitarian crisis. 

The intensified conflict has led to a catastrophic humanitarian situation. Since the beginning of 2025, over 237,000 individuals have been displaced due to escalating clashes between non-state armed groups and the Congolese army in North and South Kivu provinces. Many of these individuals have been displaced multiple times, highlighting the protracted nature of the crisis. 

Children are among the most affected, facing increased exposure to sexual violence, abduction, and recruitment by armed groups. Reports indicate that the levels of sexual violence against children have surpassed those seen in recent years, underscoring the vulnerability of the young population in conflict zones. 

The displacement crisis has overwhelmed existing infrastructure, with refugee camps in and around Goma experiencing severe overcrowding. The destruction of critical health facilities and the withdrawal of humanitarian workers due to security concerns have further compounded the challenges, leaving displaced populations with limited access to essential services.

The resurgence of M23, a group that was previously defeated in 2013, has significant political and security implications. The Congolese government has accused Rwanda of providing support to M23, a claim that Rwanda denies. This accusation has led to heightened tensions between the two nations, with the DRC severing diplomatic ties with Rwanda in late January 2025. 

The conflict has also seen the involvement of other regional actors. In South Kivu, the Congolese army, supported by allied militias and Burundian troops, has been engaged in efforts to halt the advance of M23 towards Bukavu, the provincial capital. The complex web of alliances and enmities raises concerns about the potential for a wider regional conflict. 

The international community has expressed deep concern over the escalating violence. The United Nations has highlighted the dire humanitarian situation, emphasizing the need for increased support to address the needs of the displaced populations. However, the withdrawal of some humanitarian organizations due to security threats has hindered relief efforts.

In a move reflecting the intertwining of global events and local conflicts, the DRC's foreign minister, Therese Kayikwamba Wagner, wrote to Formula One's CEO, urging the suspension of discussions with Rwanda about hosting a race. The letter cited the ongoing conflict and Rwanda's alleged support for M23 as reasons for reconsidering Rwanda's suitability as a host nation. 

Human Rights Violations

The conflict has been marred by widespread human rights violations. Armed groups have been responsible for thousands of civilian deaths, and there are reports of extrajudicial executions by the Congolese army. Sexual and gender-based violence remains rampant, with over 38,000 reported cases in North Kivu province alone during the first quarter of the year.

In this regard a statement has been released by Catherine Russell (UNICEF Executive Director); “I am deeply alarmed by the intensifying violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and its impact on children and families. In North and South Kivu provinces, we are receiving horrific reports of grave violations against children by parties to the conflict, including rape and other forms of sexual violence at levels surpassing anything we have seen in recent years"

Moreover, the rights to freedom of expression, peaceful assembly, and association have also been routinely violated. Journalists, opposition members, and activists have faced arbitrary detention and unfair trials, reflecting a broader pattern of repression amid the ongoing conflict. 

The conflict's economic impact is profound, particularly concerning the control of mineral-rich areas. The illegal exploitation and export of minerals like coltan have been a significant source of revenue for armed groups, fueling the cycle of violence. Between April and December 2024, M23 reportedly generated $800 million in revenue related to coltan mining, with much of the mineral being exported through Rwanda. 

The disruption of mining activities and trade routes has also adversely affected the local economy, leading to loss of livelihoods and increased poverty among the civilian population.

The escalating violence in the eastern DRC presents a complex crisis with deep-rooted historical, political, and economic dimensions. Addressing this crisis requires a multifaceted approach that includes immediate humanitarian assistance, robust diplomatic efforts to resolve underlying political tensions, and long-term strategies to promote economic development and stability in the region.